by John Ackerman
Abstract
Why are there two types of planets in the solar system? How are the terrestrial planets on which we live related to the giant planets? Why are the masses of the giant planets thousands of times greater than the terrestrial planets which comprise primary heavy elements? Albert Einstein elucidated the underlying problem in his scientific Epistle: “Concepts that have proven useful in ordering (naming) things easily achieve such an authority over us that we forget their earthly (human) origins and accept them as unalterable givens. Thus, they come to be stamped as “necessities of thought,” and “a priori givens,” etc. The path of scientific advance is often made impassible for a long time through such errors.”
Introduction
Radio Astronomy studies gaseous protostars condensing at the center of rotating molecular clouds within large dark nebula which comprise ample abundances of all elements from previously existing systems. Concurrently protoplanets form in the cold outreaches of the same rotating clouds where temperatures are less than 10 kelvins and densities are high (approximately 100,000 H2 molecules cm-3). It is in these regions that the deuteration of H3+ becomes very efficient with a sharp abundance increase of H2D+ and D2H+ plus. Many molecular species particularly those containing C and O freeze out onto solids accumulating on microscopic dust grain surfaces. Considerable studies of the isotope exchange reaction D plus H3 gives H2D plus H have been published (Hildebrand et al.) to unravel the deuteration process which increases the D/H atomic ratio by several orders of magnitude above the normal cosmic deuterium abundance. The final stage is currently thought to produce deuterated molecules CH3OH (methanol) and H2O on the surface of dust grains (Caselli et al.) imagined to be the first steps towards a hypothetical gaseous Laplace nebula hypothesis from which all the planets in the solar system form.
Results
Radio astronomy has become more sophisticated in the last decade, but it can only identify molecules in gaseous forms and cannot determine molecular composition of the solid condensed material frozen out of the gas. The author maintains that these rapid freeze outs of C and O molecules combine with highly deuterated (D/H ~1) solid material forming solid methane gas hydrate (MGH) giant planets, nominally (CH4)4(H2O)23. MGH are ice clathrates studied on earth in which methane and all other foreign particles are physically encapsulated by ‘cages’ formed by water molecules. The fully developed protostar together with one or more highly deuterated MGH giant planets orbiting it comprise the total mass of each new solar system. The current failure to recognize the composition of the giant ice planets is cautioned in A. Einstein’s epistle suggesting that the that giant planets are “gas giants,.” possibly as a result of his discussions with his friend Immanuel Velikovsky in Princeton NJ. The failure of modern science to recognize the MGH composition of the giant planets has discouraged incorporating mass spectrometers for Jupiter (Galileo) and Saturn (Cassini) probes have thereby delayed planetary science for decades. The recent de facto recognition of Uranus and Neptune as “ice planets” based on old (1987) and (1989) Voyager 2 data which measured methane in their atmospheres and water on their surfaces, combined with Juno data showing Jupiter has no massive iron core combined, prove that all four giant planets in the solar system are methane gas hydrates.
Terrestrial Planets form from giant planet impacts
Once the star ignites the star and its associated methane gas hydrate giant planets burns its way out of the dark nebula it enters the visually observable cosmos where blazing new terrestrial planets are eventually produced as the result of impacts of rogue or old decaying terrestrial planets on a giant planet which is ideally suited to produce blazing new terrestrial planets due to (a) its higher gravity (b) its low density, penetrable nature (c) the availability of the full range of loosely bound elements (d) it’s highly deuterated composition which exponentially increases the power of such impacts by triggering nuclear actions H + D => 3He++ + 4.98 MeV ensuring the vaporization of the heavy elements in the form of dust particles in the impact vicinity and those of the impacting planet which form the blazing core and mantle of a new terrestrial planet; (e) blasting of the faster light elements into the inner solar system including (f) ample water for the oceans of the new terrestrial planet.
Two stages of terrestrial planet formation
The blazing ejected heavy elements of the new terrestrial planet rapidly contract gravitationally, the radiation of which prevents the inclusion of the lighter, faster elements which proceed into the inner solar system while the heavy elements initially form a blazing spherical plasma protoplanet. It cools for much longer than 6000 years as a molten non rotating planet with a thin basalt surface layer but cannot have internally generated magnetic field. Only when the molten interior cools can the light elements revolving prograde in the inner solar system become captured inducing the planet’s normal prograde rotation and providing the elements for its s lithosphere, soil,, atmosphere, oceans, and life. Each terrestrial planet in a star system is created by this unique sequence of events and has a unique age.
Venus in the first stage of terrestrial planet development
The terrestrial proto-Venus was created ~ 4000 BC when an ancient planet in the solar system interacted with the earth and was deflected to impact Jupiter. It was named Metis by ancient Greek tribes who observed its impact on Jupiter produce a blazing sphere of heavy elements which condensed rapidly while the lighter faster elements proceeded to orbit in the inner solar system, the water from which was measured by the UV cameras of the polar satellite which reported hundreds of house-sized comets falling to the earth per day (Frank et al). This finding was contested by the planetary science community, who could not believe so much water could be falling tot he earth, since they did (do) not understand that a transient event had happened. Today proto-Venus is a molten therefore nonrotating, incomplete, heavy element terrestrial planet covered with a thin layer of basalt currently cooling by blasting sulfur SN at escape velocity from millions of radar-imaged small domes forming a 40 kilometer thick hellish lower cloud layer resulting in a surface temperature of 870o degrees Celsius and a pressure of 92 Ba with a currently unexplained high concentration of deuterium in its atmosphere, herein explained as blasted from Jupiter at its creation (4000 BC).
Second stage of terrestrial planet development
Only when proto-Venus cools to a normal temperature will the second stage of its light elements currently orbiting in the inner solar system as the zodiacal lights, will be captured on the surface giving it a normal prograde rotation, oceans, atmosphere, lithosphere and soil. Due to a misinterpretation of the Pioneer Venus (PV) mass spectrometer data Venus in order to agree with Carl Sagan’s suggestion it is currently thought to be enshrouded in a huge cloud of CO2 (44.01 AMU) but this will be found to be a cloud of the less familiar high temperature molecule CS (44.071 AMU) jetting from the molten interior along with sulfur and crystallizing producing the red haze extending between 31 and 40 kilometers, never explained by the pioneer Venus scientists. Moreover, a large concentration of deuterium in its atmosphere blasted from Jupiter remains unexplained. Considering this late history, very little additional data can be gained from the study of Venus which despite its similar mass to the earth can contain no life or water and will not be a viable second refuge planet for thousands of years due to the high surface temperature and pressure. It is only currently useful to provide an example of the earth 6,000 years after its birth and to boost the trajectories of probes destined for other planets.
No CMB, No big bang
Cosmologically the radiation from Venus’s explosive creation in 4000 BC is currently expanding outward in all directions from the solar system heating dust particles in the Milky Way Galaxy which are re-radiating a miniscule amount back towards the earth from all directions. This radiation has been claimed by ‘cosmologists’ who have neglected studying the solar system, to be cosmic microwave radiation (CMB) from the creation of the ‘universe,’ however the rapid measurable decline in the total power of this ‘CMB’ already noted in the 10 years between the WMAP and Planck surveys (D Larson) will eventually prove that the radiance is a foreground event thereby eliminating further search for nonexistent dark matter and energy candidates and the concept of the Big Bang.
Concurrent Damage
The creation of proto-Venus (~4000 BC) was not an isolated event. It produced numerous subsequent features in the solar system which have stimulated many hours of speculative investigations typically dated at hundreds of millions of years old. For example, the Galilean moons formed at the ejection of Venus in 4000 BC which also left behind a blazing nuclear fusion reaction on the surface of Jupiter at the impact point approximately 20 degrees South latitude. Due to the rapid rotation period of Jupiter at that date estimated by Sir Fred Hoyle (Hoyle) to have been one day, the blaze originally extended some 2 million kilometers, almost as far as Callisto and was visible to the naked eye on earth shifting daily left and right called Juno in Roman myth. Due to the orbital velocity and rapid rotation of Jupiter the ejected fusion masses or ‘Juno asteroids’ ejected into the outer solar system had velocities greater than 15 kilometers per second in the prograde direction. These bodies being frequently launched in similar directions days or hours apart would occasionally coalesce into ‘snowman’ shaped bodies such as the most distant object Ultima Thule the most distant body in the solar system at 4 billion miles from the earth while those blasted into the inner solar system such as 67/P Churymov-Gerasimento both originated from Jupiter. The ultimate joining of many of these bodies in the outer solar system likely formed the small planet Pluto and its moons. Many of these fast moving Juno asteroids are currently called “Jupiter family asteroids” which when blasted into the outer solar system struck Saturn, Uranus and Neptune causing nuclear explosions due to their roughly equal numbers of hydrogen and deuterium and produced the known axial tilts, numerical satellites, elevated temperatures and separated the two principal aspects of MGH, methane into the atmospheres and hydrates as water on the surfaces, recently detected by the Voyager 2 in 1987 and 1989 prompting NASA to declare Uranus and Neptune “ice giants.” Evidence for the majority of impacts is obvious in the case of Saturn, the nearest giant planet to Jupiter where they have blasted huge amounts of ice and some rocks from the surface thereby creating its rings and inflating its atmosphere. The recent formation of the rings is supported by the fact that Juno asteroids are currently causing fusion impacts on its solid surface producing rising mushroom clouds which when they become visible at the top of the atmosphere are interpreted as ‘storms’ and the debris still striking the rings are unexplained ‘spokes.’ Juno asteroids ejected toward the interior solar system formed the asteroid belt and a unique class of bodies, Kreutz sun grazers, many of which are lined up in similar orbits which produce sunspot variations with maximums every eleven years consistent with the increasing orbital period of Jupiter now 12 years. Clues to the many Juno asteroids launched from Jupiter since the ejection of Venus are present in the form of tens of thousands of these bodies currently orbiting the sun at Jupiter’s 4th and 5th LaGrange points.
Jupiter
The great red spot (GRS) currently visible on Jupiter is formed by invisible fusion products 3He++ ions from the reaction left behind on the solid surface some 800 kilometers below the cloud tops which has declined in the last 6000 years proving the high concentration of deuterium. Amazingly 1030 per second of these 3He++ helions from that fading reaction are still heating Jupiter’s atmosphere, driving the multiple zonal clouds, forming and exiting through the GRS then orbiting Jupiter prograde 500 kilometers above the cloud tops producing the powerful magnetic field of Jupiter and the unexplained constant auroral ellipses. NASA scientists believe this stream of doubly charged helions are relativistic electrons orbiting Jupiter in both retrograde and prograde directions constituting an inner radiation belt to be avoided. As the fusion reaction on the solid crust fizzles out, the great red spot and the most powerful magnetic field in the solar system will disappear proving the truth of the solar system revealed herein.
The 3He+ Problem
Understanding the recent solar system events makes possible the rejection of questionable cosmological hypothesis concerning the universe. For example, 3He+ due to the later capture of an electron by 3He++ helions after orbiting Jupiter are being cast into a cloud orbiting the solar system. Clouds of the same 3He+ are currently being produced by the giant planets in every star system in the universe with one or more terrestrial planets. Since 3He+ is a stable ion and each has a positive charge, they retain their identities and form huge circular clouds of charged particles, named Odd Radio Circles or ORCs (Norris, R.P) which can be imaged by new radio telescopes with wide fields of view but are completely invisible to optical telescopes, they constitute the latest mystery in the heavens solved by a correct understanding of the planets in our own solar system. Since every star system with terrestrial planets is encircled with these clouds of conventional matter orbiting conventional matter as opposed to dark matter which can act has optical as opposed to gravitational lenses. As such they attenuate and scatter light passing through them and redshift that light. The unexplained excess of these ions in the observable universe is currently called “the 3H+ problem” by conventional radio astronomers who believe that their only sources are leakage from low mass young stars. However, every ray of light passing through these invisible clouds experiences a different infinity of scattering and red shifts and at great distances becomes attenuated by these processes resulting in tired light producing the dark night sky and solving Olbers paradox.
References
Caselli, O., Sipila and J. Harju, Deuterated forms of H3 and their importance in astrochemistry, 05 August 2019. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0401
Frank et ap., Atmospheric Holes and Small Comets, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City.,
http://small comets.physics.uiowa.edu/pdf/Reviews Of Geophysics.pdf
Hartogh et al., “Water and Related Chemistry in the Solar System”,(2009) Max-Planck Institute Fur Sonnensystemforshung.
Hillenbrand et al. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the isotope Exchange Reaction D + H3+ => H2D++H
Hoyle, The Cosmology of the Solar System, Enslow publishers, Chapter 10, p.60
Larson, D. et al., Comparing Planck and WMAP: Maps, Spectra and Parameters, The Astronomical Journal, (2015), vol. 108, Number 1, (2015).
Norris, R.P., MeerKAT uncovers the physics of an odd radio circle, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, volume 513, Issue 1, June 2022.
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Tags: Great Red Spot, Jupiter, solar system cosmogony, Venus