Origin of Plate Tectonics
Geology 201
Fig. 1. Differential rotation between lithosphere and mantle…by Yanick Ricard et al. JGR Solid Earth 10 May 1991.
The most informative geological aspect of Cyclic Catastrophism is the revelation of the motion of the entire lithospheres of both Earth and Mars as single rigid units when Mars was captured in a geostationary orbit.
In order for this to occur, ‘handles’ had to be created by which the tidal forces of the paired bodies could grasp each other’s lithospheres. These were created by close passes of proto-Venus to both planets 6,000 years ago. They are the Tibetan-Himalayan Complex and the Tharsis Bulge. These same encounters with proto-Venus inverted the spin axes of both planets’ lithospheres twice without changing their rotation rates, thereby heating and reducing the viscosity of their asthenospheres. Then ‘sheparded’ Mars, full of life at that date (4000 BC), from its ancient Venus-like orbit to one that intersected that of the Earth.
At its closest approach Mars locked onto the Himalayas, above Mt. Kailas, in a geostationary orbit, as pointed out in the Rig Veda by Mt. Kailas’ name ‘Indra’s Home on Earth’. Since Kailas is located at 31 degrees North Latitude, the lithosphere of the Earth was forced to rotate so that Kailas remained in the ecliptic plane for the duration of each kalpa. These encounters lasted 14.4 years and then Mars was released into an orbit which crossed that of the Earth for 15.6 years, at which time it was recaptured and the 30-year cycle repeated one hundred times, completely reforming the surface of the Earth.
The tidal effect of the Earth forced the lithosphere of Mars to rotate so that the Tharsis Bulge, on its equator, remained equidistant from the Earth, i.e. that the north pole of Mars’ lithosphere remained oriented toward the Earth during each kalpa. Thus the lithospheres of both planets rotated completely independently of their mantles during one hundred kalpas, from 3687 to 687BC.
Due to the additional mass-moment of Mars in its geostationary orbit, the lithosphere of the Earth also rotated more slowly than normal. The magnitude of this ‘tidal drag’ has been revealed by archaeologists, who have found calendars with 360 as well as 365.25 days per year in many ancient cultures. To date, the two calendars have been attributed to a contemporaneous use of ‘solar’ and ‘lunar’ calendars in ancient cultures. But Cyclic Catastrophism reveals that they were not used at the same times. The 360 day/yr calendar was used when Mars orbited the Earth, and the 365.25 day/yr, in the intervals between these kalpas.
This difference in the length of the days allows the calculation of the rotation of the lithosphere at 24 km/hr relative to the mantle. Remnants of this motion have been uncovered and published (Figure 1). These planetary encounters were the origin of plate tectonics, still a subject of hot debate in geology. More importantly they resurfaced the entire Earth and introduced all life as we know it today.
Mars’ ‘tidal drag’ on Earth’s continents increased the separation of the Eurasia and Africa from the North and South American continents, evidenced by the subduction on the oceanic crusts below west coasts of both. At the same time, the unlimited flow of lava from the asthenosphere rose up into continental weak spots as cratons and slowly cooled to produce the low density silicate granite found only in the continents of the Earth. This all happened in the last 6,000 years.
Fig. 2. Martian topography
The rotation of the lithosphere of Mars during each kalpa, made enormous masses of its asthenosphere available to hundreds of volcanoes in its northern hemisphere, which blasted them toward the Earth, covering the continents with 50 to 100 km of new material including many elements not normally found near the surface, like rare earths, necessary for high technology. Based on space probe measurements, topographical maps of Mars confirm that its entire northern hemisphere is 7 km below the planetary datum.
Job 38: 4-6: Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare if thou hast understanding. Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest or who hath stretched the line upon it? Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the cornerstone thereof?
