Jupiter’s UV Aurora (Updates)
Fig. 1 Yellow is main stream of helions which produce the magnetic field of Jupiter. Blue are the vortical streams deflected to the poles.
As discussed in a recent post, Jupiter is a solid, highly deuterated, Methane Gas Hydrate (clathrate) body, density of 1.33 g/cm3 incorporating the full complement of known solar system elements. The terrestrial planets were each formed by unique impacts on Jupiter, the most recent of which was proto-Venus, which currently comprises only the heavy elements which will become the mantle and core of the planet. This impact left behind a continuous fusion reaction at the point of impact on Jupiter, which has slowly declined over the past 6,000 years to a single reaction, usually written.
p + d -> 3He+ + γ (1)
As reasoned in a previous post and below, the author maintains this is not the correct form of the reaction, which should be written:
p + d -> 3He++ + 4.98 MeV (2)
Fig. 2. Unique disk-shaped magnetic field generated by circling helions
Fig. 3. JIRAM IR image of Southern Aurora
The energy produced by this aneutronic reaction is solely in the kinetic energy of 1032 helions per second, 4.98 MeV, with velocities of 17,800 km/s on the MGH surface of Jupiter, 50,000 km east of the Great Red Spot. These nucleons swirl in a vortex, due to the Coriolis effect (proportional to their velocity and the rapid rotation of Jupiter), producing the Great Red Spot where they exit the atmosphere (Figure 1). A compact vortex of these doubly charged helions circles Jupiter prograde (yellow in Figure 1), generating the unusual magnetodisk magnetic field of Jupiter (Figure 2). The magnetic field is powerful because it is produced in space, not shielded within the planet,as on Earth.The circulating helions are lost to space as fast as they are produced after circling Jupiter a few times (~60 seconds). Due to their high concentration, most have no chance of encountering electrons during this period.
The Energetic Particle Instruments on Ulysses, Cassini, and the Galileo orbiter detected ‘storms’ of high energy, electrically charged ‘dust particles’ at great distances from Jupiter. Juno encountered these same high energy particles on its way to Jupiter, when their impacts on the solar panels splashed glowing secondary particles through the field of view of the star telescopes used for measuring the orientation of the magnetometer. These observations suggest that the helions (3He++) lost were dispersed through the enormous clouds of electrons in the outer reaches of the Jupiter system, where they captured electrons, becoming the stable 3He+. Although close to Jupiter, the Galileo atmospheric probe identified large numbers of high energy helium ions, 3He+, “of unknown origin” because the helions captured electrons and were slowed down as they passed through the massive atmospheric heat shield, which had not yet been ejected, thereby becoming identifiable.were detected
Fig.4 UV images of North and South auroral ovals.
Directly above the GRS two helion vortices penetrate the circulating cloud and become captured helically in the magnetic field (blue in Figure 1). These impact the north and south polar regions. The high velocities (17,800 km/s) of the 4.98 MeV helions (3He++) ensure powerful impacts in the atmosphere, producing the deep auroral ovals. The depth to which these ions penetrate the atmosphere is illustrated in the JIRAM images taken in the H3 band (Figure 3). However, the most energetic radiation from the auroral ovals, is in the Ultra Violet, evidenced by years of images by the Hubble space telescope. The Juno UltraViolet Imaging Spectrometer, encompassing the H II bands (Lyman, Werner, and Rydberg) and H Ly α bands, produced the images in Figure 4 and measured the auroral power at 3 – 5 Tw (Terrawatts).
Some of the heavy elements released by the heat of the fusion reaction are carried within the rising vortex as ions with much lesser velocities. The impacts of these produce the intermittent brightenings that are observed interior to the UV ovals. The ovals are ‘permanent’ because the fusion reaction is continuous. The southern auroral oval is more circular than the northern one because the ion path from the GRS, at 22 º S. Lat., is shorter. As shown in Figure 1, the vortical streams move prograde in longitude as they flow to the poles due to the angular momentum imparted to them by the rotation of Jupiter. Because to two vortices travel different distances, the longitude offsets of the north and south auroral ovals are slightly different. The distortion of the northern oval in NASA videos reveals that it moves with the rotation of Jupiter because the geographical reference longitudes added are from System III, which is defined by the location of the Great Red Spot. This gives the impression that the magnetic field is generated in the interior, but it is not.
The Origin of the UltraViolet Auroras
The vortical flow of ~ 1028 /s helions impacting around each of Jupiter’s poles, with velocities as high as 17,800 km/sec, produces a 3He++ Ly α UV continuum with an edge at 228 Å, produced by the capture of electrons by the helions as they enter the atmosphere. This edge is at much shorter wavelengths than the hydrogen Ly α UV, the edge of which is at 700 Å. This higher energy UV radiation from Jupiter’s aurora was detected in 1989, but interpreted as Doppler (blue) shifted H Ly α. [Clark et al., Doppler Shifted H Ly α Emission from Jupiter’s Aurora, GRL v. 16, N. 6, 1989.] The auroral UV radiation on Jupiter is currently thought to be from methane, because methane absorption bands obscure some of the radiation, but methane is not its origin.
Clear Blue Water at the poles
Fig. 5. The blue oceans at both poles of Jupiter resulting from the helion bombardment melting the top layer of the MGH that comprise the body of the Jupiter.
The energy incident on the polar regions has penetrated so deeply that it has melted the Methane Gas Hydrate surface of the planet in both north and south polar areas. When MGH is heated, the methane, which is physically encapsulated by twelve or more water molecules, is released and the water remains. The JunoCam has revealed the blue water covering both polar areas for the entire world to see – except for the Juno scientists who are so comitted to the ‘gas giant’ assumption that they are not able to comprehend what they are seeing. We can now travel to Jupiter but will need to take boats.
This day before dawn, I ascended a hill and looked at the crowded heaven. And I said to my spirit ‘When we become the enfolders of these orbs, and the pleasure and knowledge of everything in them, shall we be filled and satisfied then? And my spirit said ‘No, we level that lift to pass and continue beyond.’ Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass
